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Utilitarian philosophy upholds the principle of equal consideration of interests such that all things being equal utmost consideration should be given to that which would bring the most happiness and benefit and would cause less pain and suffering.This assumes that creatures of equal characteristics should be given equal consideration.
Australian philosopher Professor Peter Singer in 1975 in a landmark article “All Animals are Equal” (475) argues that discriminating against animals as different from humans is nothing different from racism and sexism. There is a lack of consideration for others who may be different in some aspects but are similar in some. He calls this “speciesism”, originally quoting Dr. Richard Ryder, referring to the attitude of bias towards the interest of members of one’s own species and against those members other species.